John m



v J. M. MARTY. APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING HYDRAULIO PRESSURE. N0. 395 Patented Jan. 8, 1889,.

(No Model.)

nmmvummmm III- I I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN M. MARTY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO FRANCIS J. ING, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING HYDRAULIC PRESSURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 395,844, dated January 8, 1889.

Application filed December 29, 1887. Serial No. 259,285. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. MARTY, of the city of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Application of Hydraulic Power and the Means of Utilizing the Same, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to a means by which 3 the force of a natural current of water is utilized in a comparatively inexpensive and simple manner without the necessity of constructing dams, canals, or sluices. I do this by means of a conduitpipe, which is air and I 5 water tight, and is submerged beneath the surface of the current and inclined at about the angle of the fall of the current. The upper end of the conduit has an opening for the entrance of water of less area than the area of a cross-section of the main pipe, and by this means the speed of the current of water which enters the pipe is greater than that of the natural current of the stream, and can be utilized by means of a horizontal water-wheel of 2 5 any convenient form of construction.

My invent-ion is illustrated by the following drawings:

Figure 1 is a profile view of one form of the whole device as it appears ready for oper- 3o ation. Fig. .2 is a profile view of another form of the device as it appears when ready for operation. Fig. 3 is a profile view of a longitudinal section of the upper end of the conduitpipe provided with a turbine wheel.

In the drawings, 1 is the main conduitpipe.

2 is the upper narrowed end of the pipe.

3 is the lower open end of the pipe.

l is the turbine wheel.

0 is a valve in the main pipe.

6 is the gearing connected with the shaft of the turbine.

'7 is the frame which supports the wheel and gearing. 1

8 is the body of the current of the stream.

9 is an abrupt fall in the stream.

10 is the lower bearing of the shaft of the wheel.

11. is the shaft of the wheel.

12 and 13 are vents in the main pipe.

The methods of utilizing the power of currents of water heretofore in use have been dependent upon abrupt natural or artificial falls or heads of water and upon the construction of dams, canals, or sluices. -In cases where there was no abrupt natural fall and the descent of the water in the course of the stream was gradual, to utilize the power of the current it has been necessary to construct canals and slices by the side of the stream to conduct it, or a portion of it, along a less precipitous course than the natural channel until an abrupt fall of a sufficient height could be obtained, or else it was necessary to build a dam across the stream to flood back the water, and thus geta head of suificient force to operate a wheel.

By 'my invention the energy which in any stream is diffused throughout its length can be concentrated without the construction of a dam, and the power thus obtained from either an abrupt or gradual descent of water can be utilized at any desired point in the stream at which the upper end of the conduit-pipe may be conveniently located.

My device is constructed of a conduit, which may be square or cylindrical or of any other convenient shape, although I prefer a cylindrical shape, and is open at both ends. At the upper end there may be an elbow, so that the bent arm 2 may stand upright. This upright part is narrowed near the upper opening, as shown in Fig. This narrowed part may be permanently narrowed by so constructing the pipe, or the upright partmay be of the same diameter as the main pipe, but provided with a valve or valves, which, when closed, will operate to decrease the diameter of the opening through which the water flows into the main conduit. A horizontal waterwheel, 4, is placed in the narrowed part of the upright arm, as shown in Fig. '3, and is supported by a frame-work, 7,, and a lower bearing, 10, within the pipe. The shaft of the wheel is connected with gearing 6, as shown 5 in Figs. 1 and 2. The main pipe is provided with a gate or valve, 5, either at the lower end, as in Fig. 2, or at any point in the pipe which is at or below the level of the surface of the stream, at the lower end of the conduit- 10o pipe, as shown in Fig. 1. There are also venttubes connected with the main pipe at points below and above the valve 5for the escape of air from the pipe, as shown by 12 and 13 in Fig. 1 and by 12 in Figs. 2 and 3. The conduit-pipe is given about the same inclination as the angle of descent of the stream. The vvalve 5 being closed and the vents 12 and 13 being opened, the whole pipe becomes filled with water, which, in the form of construction shown in Fig. 1, flows in through the upper opening and back through the lower opening. The air within the pipe escapes through the vents 12 and 13. The vents then being closed and the valve or gate 5 being opened, a continuous column of water of the dimension of the capacity of the main pipe flows out of the pipe at its lower end by the force of gravity, and water enough to supply its place in the pipe enters at the upper end by force of gravity and atmospheric pressure; but since the upper opening is of less area than the main conduit-pipe the speed of the entering current is increased according to the disproportion of these areas in an inverse ratiothat is, if the area of the main pipe is three times that of the narrow upper opening the current of the entering stream through this narrow opening will have three times the speed of the current at the large lower opening.

lVhen the lower end of the conduit-pipe is bent downward, as in Fig. 2, the power of the water at the fall is transmitted to the upper end of the pipe, which may be located at any convenient point in the stream above the fall.

In meandering currents my device can often be used wit-h unusual advantageas, for instance, when in its meandering a bow is formed the pipe can be laid across the land intervening, so as to form a cord to the bow. Both the upper and thelower openings of the pipe being submerged in the stream, a power can be obtained at the upper opening equal to a fall of water from a height equal to the difference between the levels of the stream.

the pipe connected with gearing, substantially as shown and described.

2. In hydraulic machinery, a conduit-pipe open at either end, the pipe at its upper end having an upright arm a cross-section of which isof less area than a cross-section of the main pipe, which upright arm is provided with a turbine wheel connected with gearing, such conduit-pipe being provided at its lower end with a shut-cit gate or valve and with aventpipe with cock, the whole pipe being inclined at the angle of a stream of water and having both its upper and lower ends submerged therein, substantially as shown and described.

In hydraulic machinery, an inclined openended conduit-pipe provided with a waterwheel and gearing at its upper end and with a shut-oft gate, such pipe being sulnnerged at either end in a stream and inclined at the angle of descent of such stream, and being provided with a shut-oft gate or valve at any point in the pipe below the level of the water at the lowerend of such pipe, substantially as shown and described.

4. In machinery for the application of hydraulic power, the combination of the con duitpipe 1, provided with arm 2 and flood-gate 5, and vent-tube and cock 12, with horizontal wheel 4, provided with shaft 11 and gearing 6, substantially as shown and described.

JOHN M. MARTY.

Witnesses:

S. Q. KERRNISH, ORLANDO HALL. 

